khattesevom

Abraham Lincoln

2010-09-03T02:19:00.001-07:00

Abraham Lincoln was born in Hardin (now Larue) County, Ky., on Feb. 12, 1809. His family moved to Indiana and then to Illinois, and Lincoln gain what education he could along the way. While reading law, he worked in a store, managed a mill, surveyed, and split rails. In 1834, he went to the Illinois legislature as a Whig and became the party's floor leader. For the next 20 years he practiced law in Springfield, apart from for a single term (1847–49) in Congress, where he denounced the Mexican War. In 1855, he was a candidate for senator and the next year he joined the new Republican Party.

A most important but ineffective candidate for the vice-presidential nomination with Frémont, Lincoln gained national attention in 1858 when, as Republican candidate for senator from Illinois, he engaged in a series of debates with Stephen A. Douglas, the Democratic candidate. He lost the election, but continued to get prepared the way for the 1860 Republican convention and was satisfied with the presidential nomination on the third ballot. He won the election over three opponents.

From the start, Lincoln made clear that, unlike Buchanan, he believed the national government had the power to crush the rebellion. Not an abolitionist, he held the slavery issues minor to that of preserve the Union, but soon apparent that the war could not be brought to a successful conclusion without freeing the slaves. His administration was hampered by the incompetence of many Union generals, the inexperience of the troops, and the harassing political tactics both of the Republican Radicals, who favored a hard policy toward the South, and the Democratic Copperheads, who desired a negotiated peace. The Gettysburg Address of Nov. 19, 1863, marks the high point in the record of American eloquence. Lincoln's long search for a winning combination finally brought generals Ulysses S. Grant and William T. Sherman to the top; and their series of victories in 1864 dispelled the mutterings from both Radicals and Peace Democrats that at one time seemed to threaten Lincoln's reelection. He was reelected in 1864, defeating Gen. George B. McClellan, the Democratic candidate. His inaugural address urged leniency toward the South: “With malice toward none, with charity for all . . . let us struggle on to finish the work we are in; to bind up the nation's wounds . . .” This policy stimulated rising opposition on the part of the Republican Radicals, but before the matter could be put to the test, Lincoln was shot by the actor John Wilkes Booth at Ford's Theater, Washington, on April 14, 1865. He died the next morning.

Lincoln's marriage to Mary Todd in 1842 was often unhappy and confused, in part because of his wife's pronounced unsteadiness.

Cash donation for bushfire and flood victims

2009-02-25T23:33:00.001-08:00

The Gold Coast City Council, on behalf of the Gold Coast community, has decided to make an initial donation of $200,000 cash to assist victims of the Victorian Bush Fires and $50,000 to assist North Queensland flood victims.

Gold Coast Mayor Ron Clarke said that Council had also asked its CEO to bring a report back to Council outlining other assistance that may be provided. It would include but not be limited to subsidised holidays for bushfire victims, relief and emergency workers.

Mayor Clarke said that Council would do everything possible to assist.
“At this stage we know that the fire and flood victims need cash donations to enable them to cover the basics. That’s why we felt a cash donation was the most pressing.

“In the coming weeks I’m sure we will be able to come up with some other practical ways that we as a Council and the Gold Coast community can help.”

“In the meantime, I urge Gold Coast people to donate all they can – particularly cash - via the Red Cross and Salvation Army”, said Cr Clarke .

Destiny

2009-01-22T05:14:00.001-08:00

What is destiny? For many people it is how they live their lives. We may believe that everyone’s life has its own destiny or course. By other words our destiny is out fate. It may be either a good thing or a bad thing and to most people it has already been decided by a Supreme Being or God. But for us that is just the pessimistic view on destiny. Others may believe that one can decide his or her own destiny. A person has to know how to control it and become a master of it. Personally you believe that one can control his or her own destiny. This means if you strive to do that yourself. That is If you just live your life expecting that everything will fall in your lap you are wrong.

Nothing in life is pre-destined for anybody as in the people you meet, the jobs you get or the person you marry. And also If that were to be true then everyone would be happy, that is if your destiny is for you to be happy. We may think that the notion of destiny is just an excuse that people use for the misfortunes or fortunes that they encounter. During the entire course of ones life you can began to make your own destiny.

We have to accept that Bill Gates was not destined to be the richest man in the world. The course which you select for your career and who you are in life is all on the person not a predetermined situates. The Evolution precedes under a law as unerring as any well-established scientific law, namely, that of karma or the law of cause and effect. Therefore these things are all up to us, we decide our own destiny or life would just be robotic with no real meaning to it. If the destiny played a part in their lives I would say that they were destined to live happily and rich because of their father, but instead their father to the initiative to make them work like he did and if they want to be rich like he is then they would have to work as hard as he did. No body in their life wants their parents to divorce but that is basically up to them whether they can get along or if nations can agree to peace over religion and differences. Destiny also may not affect the course of my family or my nation. The incidents like war and divorce are just misfortunes that happen when people do not get along. If that thing were true than life would be too easy and a person should just sit around and let destiny take its course.

Destiny may not control a part of your life. Whether that person applies himself and goes to school and then to college and eventually gets a career on his own is his prerogative. This may makes perfection possible, for knowledge is power, and when a person knows the law and works with it, he can produce any result he chooses; he becomes master of his destiny. He only gave them a miniscule portion. So don’t think that destiny has anything to do with the person that you fall in love with.

Science

2008-12-11T04:58:00.000-08:00

Science refers to any systematic knowledge or practice. In a more restricted sense, science refers to a system of acquiring knowledge based on the scientific method, as well as to the organized body of knowledge gained through such research. This article focuses on the more restricted use of the word.

Fields of science are commonly classified along two major lines:

• Natural sciences, which study natural phenomena (including biological life), and
• Social sciences, which study human behavior and societies.

These groupings are empirical sciences, which mean the knowledge must be based on observable phenomena and capable of being experimented for its validity by other researchers working under the same conditions.

Historical perspective

2008-10-13T06:08:00.001-07:00

Based on the available evidence, scientists have reconstructed detailed information about the planet's past. Earth is estimated to have formed approximately 4.55 billion years ago out of the solar nebula, along with the Sun and other planets. The moon formed relatively soon afterwards.

Initially molten, the outer layer of the planet cooled, resulting in the solid crust. Outgas sing and volcanic activity produced the primordial atmosphere. Condensing water vapor, augmented by ice delivered by comets, produced the oceans. The highly energetic chemistry is believed to have produced a self-replicating molecule around 4 billion years ago.

Continents formed, then broke up and re-formed as the surface of Earth reshaped itself over the course of hundreds of millions of years, occasionally combining to make a super continent. Roughly 750 million years ago, the earliest known super continent Rodinia, began to break apart. The continents later recombined to form Pannotia which broke apart about 540 million years ago, then finally Pangaea, which broke apart about 180 million years ago.

Hockey

2008-09-11T19:04:00.001-07:00

Hockey is any of a family of sports in which two teams struggle by trying to maneuver a ball, or a hard, surrounding disc called a puck, into the opponent's net or goal, using a hockey stick. Field hockey is played on nettle, natural grass, sand-based or water-based artificial turfs, with a small, hard ball. The game is popular among both males and females in many countries of the world, mostly in Europe, India, Pakistan, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and South Asia. In most countries, the game is played between single-sex sides, even though it can be played by mixed-sex sides. In the United States and Canada it is played mostly by women.

Ball hockey is played in a gym using sticks and a ball, often a tennis ball with the hair removed.
There are early representations and reports of hockey-type games being played on ice in the Netherlands, and reports from Canada from the beginning of the nineteenth century, but the modern game was initially planned by students at McGill University, Montreal in 1875 who, by two years later, codified the first set of ice hockey rules and organized the first teams.

Power

2008-07-21T05:52:00.001-07:00

Power is the rate at which work is performed or energy is transmitted or the amount of energy essential or finished for a given unit of time. It is many types of conversion
Power.
Power (physics) is the quantity of work done or energy transferred per unit of time. Motive power is power which moves great, such as output of a motor. Electric power generation is the process of converting any form of energy to electrical energy.

Power station, a capability for generating electricity, nuclear power, the conversion of nuclear force to electricity, solar power, the translation of solar energy to electricity, wind power, the conversion of wind energy to electricity, wave power, the conversion of signal energy to electricity, tidal power, the conversion of energy of the tides energy to electricity, geothermal power, the conversion of geothermal power to electricity, hydropower, the conversion of possible or kinetic energy of water to electricity, Optical power of a lens is the opposite of its focal length, Effective radiated power in radio telecommunications is a calculate of radio station antennas.

Historical perspective

2008-05-29T07:35:00.001-07:00

Birds

2008-05-13T09:53:00.000-07:00

Many species of bird undertake long distance annual migrations, and many more perform shorter irregular movements. Birds are social and communicate using visual signals and through calls and song, and participate in social behaviors including cooperative hunting, cooperative breeding, flocking and mobbing of predators. Birds are primarily socially monogamous, with engagement in extra-pair copulations being common in some species-other species have polygamous or polyandrous breeding systems. Eggs are regularly laid in a nest and incubated and most birds have an extended period of parental care after hatching.

Birds are economically important to humans: many are important sources of food, acquired either through hunting or farming, and they provide other products. Some species, particularly songbirds and parrots, are popular as pets. Birds figure prominently in all aspects of human culture from religion to poetry and popular music. About 120-130 species have become extinct as a result of human activity since 1600, and hundreds more before this. Currently around 1,200 species of birds are threatened with extinction by human activities and efforts are underway to protect them.

Coconut

2008-04-17T09:14:00.001-07:00

The coconut palm is grown throughout the tropical world, for decoration as well as for its many cooking and non-culinary uses, virtually every part of the coconut palm has some human use.The flowers of the coconut palm are polygamomonoecious, with both male and female flowers in the similar inflorescence. Flowering occurs continuously, with female plants producing seeds. Coconut palms are believed to be largely cross-pollinated, although some dwarf varieties are self-pollinating. Coconut water can be used as an intravenous fluid.

Nearly all parts of the coconut palm are useful, and the palms have a comparatively high yield, it therefore has important economic value. The name for the coconut palm in Sanskrit is kalpa vriksha, which translates as the tree which provides all the requirements of life. In Malay, the coconut is known as pokok seribu guna, the tree of a thousand uses. In the Philippines, the coconut is generally given the title Tree of Life. The white, fleshy part of the seed is safe to eat and used fresh or dried in cooking.

The Earth's Atmosphere

2008-03-13T08:08:00.001-07:00

The Earth's atmosphere is a layer of gases surrounding the globe Earth and retained by the Earth's magnitude. It contains roughly 78.08% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen, 0.93% argon, 0.038% carbon dioxide, trace amounts of other gases, and a variable amount (average around 1%) of water vapor. This mixture of gases is commonly known as air. The atmosphere protects life on Earth by absorbing ultraviolet solar emission and reducing temperature extremes between day and night.

There is no definite boundary between the atmosphere and outer space. It slowly becomes thinner and fades into space. Three quarters of the atmosphere's mass is within 11 km of the terrestrial surface. In the United States, people who travel above an elevation of 80.5 km (50 statute miles) are designated astronauts. An altitude of 120 km (~75 miles or 400,000 ft) marks the periphery where distinctive effects become noticeable during re-entry. The Kármán line, at 100 km (62 miles or 328,000 ft), is also frequently regarded as the margin between atmosphere and outer space.

Titanic

2008-03-10T08:13:00.001-07:00

The Titanic was a British Olympic-class ocean inside layer, owned by the White Star Line, that struck an iceberg on April 14, 1912 and sank on the morning of April 15, 1912 during her maiden journey across the Atlantic Ocean to New York. Estimates vary, but approximately 1,520 people perished in the sinking which ranks as one of the worst peacetime maritime disasters in history. The resulting media agitation, the discovery of the wreck in 1985, and the box office successes of three major films and one broadway musical have perpetuated the fame. The great loss of life resulted in improved safety standards at sea, and affected many aspects of maritime law.

The Titanic closely resembled her older sister Olympic, but there were a few differences. Two of the most perceptible were that half of the Titanic's forward boulevard A-Deck was enclosed against outside weather, and her B-Deck arrangement was different from the Olympic. The Titanic had a specialty restaurant called Café Parisien, a feature that the Olympic did not have until 1913. Some of the flaws found on the Olympic, such as the creaking of the aft opening out joint, were corrected on the Titanic. The skid lights that provided natural enlightenment on A-deck were round; while on Olympic they were oval. The Titanic's wheelhouse was made narrower and longer than the Olympic's. These, and other modifications, made the Titanic 1,004 gross tons larger than the Olympic and thus the biggest active ship in the world during its maiden voyage in April 1912.

The Marina Beach

2008-02-19T08:48:00.000-08:00

The Marina Beach is a beach situated along a 12 km seashore in the city of Chennai, India along the Bay of Bengal, part of the Indian Ocean. Unlike the short, rocky formations that make up the Juhu Beach in Mumbai on the west coast of India, the Marina is primarily grimy.

Although many locals claim the Marina to be the world's longest beach, there exist in fact several longer beaches, including Praia do Cassino in Brazil (which is actually the longest beach in the world stretching up to 240 km), Cox's Bazar in Bangladesh, Padre Island on the US bay Coast, Ninety Mile Beach in Australia and Ninety Mile Beach, New Zealand. A similar beach exists in Dubai, UAE. However, unlike the other beaches, it is an urban beach similar to the Copacabana beach in Rio de Janeiro. The width of the beach at the most widest extend is 437 meters long.

The beach begins near Fort St. George in the north to Besant Nagar in the south, a distance of about 12km. A famous characteristic of the beach is the set of stone statues that adorn the wayside area of the beach. Most statues are of Indian/local legends like Mahatma Gandhi, Kannagi, Thiruvalluvar, while others have symbolic consequence like the Statue of Labour. Also memorials for M. G. Ramachandran and C. N. Annadurai, former Chief ministers of Tamil Nadu are present on the beach. Recently, a statue of actor Sivaji Ganesan was installed.

The Marina used to be famed for its pristine beauty, jolly environment, and rich ecosystems. However, since the middle of the 20th century, the beach and water has become polluted. A production of plastic bags, human waste and other pollutants have rendered many parts of the beach unusable. In recent years, many voluntary organizations have taken up the task of cleaning up the Marina and protecting the ecosystem. Particular efforts include protection of Olive Ridley turtle nests along the Neelangarai section of the beach. Despite these problems however, a visit to the Marina is a sine qua non for any tourist coming to Chennai.

Strawberry

2008-02-11T04:13:00.000-08:00

The common modern strawberry, of the genus Fragaria, comes from the Americas, and is a hybrid of both North and South American varieties. Interestingly, the crossbreeding was done in Europe to correct a mistake; the European horticulturists had only brought female South American plants, and were strained to cross them with the North American variety in order to get fruit and seeds. Fragaria comes from "fragans", meaning odorous, referring to the perfumed flesh of the fruit. Madam Tallien, a great figure of the French Revolution, who was nicknamed Our Lady of Thermidor, used to take steam bath full of strawberries to keep the full radiance of her skin. Fontenelle, centenarian writer and gourmet of the 18th century, considered his long life was due to the strawberries he used to eat. Strawberries were considered venomous in Argentina until the mid-nineteenth century. Strawberries have a taste that varies by cultivar, and ranges from quite sweet to pretty bitter.

Popular etymology has it that the name "straw" berry comes from gardeners' practice of mulching strawberries with straw to protect the fruits from rot. However, there is no facts that the Anglo-Saxons ever grew strawberries, and even less that they knew of this practice.

There is an unconventional theory that the name derives from the Anglo-Saxon verb for "strew" (meaning to spread around) which was streabergen (Strea means "strew" and Bergen means "berry" or "fruit") and thence to streberie, straiberie, strauberie, straubery, strauberry, and finally, "strawberry", the word which we use today. The name might have come from the fact that the fruit and various runners appear "strewn" along the ground.

Windows Internet Explorer

2008-01-30T08:01:00.001-08:00

Windows Internet Explorer (formerly Microsoft Internet Explorer abbreviated MSIE), commonly abbreviated to IE, is a series of graphical web browsers developed by Microsoft and included as part of the Microsoft Windows line of operating systems starting in 1995. It has been the most widely used web browser since 1999, attaining a peak of about 95% usage share during 2002 and 2003 and steadily declining since.

After the first release for Windows 95, additional versions of Internet Explorer were developed for other operating systems: Internet Explorer for Mac and Internet Explorer for UNIX (the latter for use through the X Window System on Solaris and HP-UX), and versions for older versions of Windows. Only the Windows version remains in active development; the Mac OS X and UNIX version are no longer supported.

Internet Explorer was first released as part of the add-on package Plus! for Windows 95. Later versions are available as free downloads and are also included in the OEM service releases of Windows 95 and in later versions of Windows. The most recent release is version 7.0, which is available as a free update for Windows XP with Service Pack 2, and Windows Server 2003 with Service Pack 1 or later, and is included with Windows Vista. An embedded OEM version called Internet Explorer for Windows CE (IE CE) is also available for WinCE based platforms and is currently based on IE6. Another Windows CE/ Windows Mobile browser known as Internet Explorer Mobile is from a different codebase and should not be confused with desktop versions of the browser.

Tsunami

2008-01-19T02:29:00.000-08:00

A tsunami is a series of waves shaped when a body of water, such as an ocean, is rapidly displaced. Earthquakes, group movements above or below water, volcanic eruptions and other underwater explosions, landslides, large meteorite impacts and testing with nuclear weapons at sea all have the potential to produce a tsunami. The effects of a tsunami can range from imperceptible to devastating. The word tsunami comes from the Japanese words meaning harbor and wave. For the plural, one can either follow usual English practice and add an s, or use an invariable plural as in Japanese. The term was created by fishermen who returned to port to find the area neighboring their harbor devastated, although they had not been conscious of any wave in the open water. Tsunamis are general throughout Japanese history; approximately 195 events in Japan have been recorded.

A tsunami has a much smaller amplitude (wave height) offshore, and a very long wavelength, which is why they generally pass unobserved at sea, forming only a passing bulge in the ocean. Tsunami have been historically referred to as tidal waves because as they approach land, they take on the characteristics of a vicious onrushing tide rather than the sort of cresting waves that are formed by wind action upon the ocean. Since they are not really related to tides the term is considered misleading and its treatment is discouraged by oceanographers.

Mental health

2007-12-29T06:34:00.001-08:00

Mental health is a concept that refers to a human individual's emotional and psychological well-being. Merriam-Webster defines mental health as "A state of emotional and psychological well-being in which an individual is able to use his or her cognitive and emotional capabilities, function in society, and meet the ordinary demands of everyday life.

According to the World Health Organization, there is no one "official" definition of mental health. Cultural differences, subjective assessments, and competing professional theories all affect how "mental health" is defined. In general, most experts agree that "mental health" and "mental illness" are not opposites. In other words, the absence of a recognized mental disorder is not necessarily an indicator of mental health.

One way to think about mental health is by looking at how effectively and successfully a person functions. Feeling capable and competent; being able to handle normal levels of stress, maintain satisfying relationships, and lead an independent life; and being able to "bounce back, or recover from difficult situations, are all signs of mental health.

Banana

2007-12-19T08:57:00.001-08:00

Banana is the common name used for herbaceous foliage of the genus Mesa, and is also the name given to the fruit of these plants. They are resident to the tropical region of Southeast Asia, the Malay Archipelago, and Australia. They are cultivated primarily for their fruit, and to a lesser level for the production of fiber and as ornamental plants. Because of their size and structure, banana plants are often wrong for trees. The main or upright growth is called a pseudo stem, which for some species can gain a height of up to 2–8 m, with leaves of up to 3.5 m in length. Each pseudo stem produces a single group of bananas, before dying and being replaced by a new pseudo stem.

Bananas are grown in 132 countries worldwide, additional than any other fruit crop. In popular culture and commerce, banana usually refers to soft, sweet dessert bananas that are usually eaten raw. The bananas from a collection of cultivars with firmer, starchier fruit are generally used in cooking rather than eaten raw. Bananas may also be dried up and ground into banana flour. Although the wild species have fruits with numerous large, hard seeds, virtually all culinary bananas have unplanted fruits. Bananas are classified any as dessert bananas or as green cooking bananas.

Evolution

2007-12-13T08:39:00.001-08:00

Life, as we understand it, is currently only known to exist on the planet Earth. The origin of life is still a poorly understood process, but it is thought to have occurred about 3.9 to 3.5 billion years ago during the hadean or archean eons on a primordial earth that had a substantially different environment than is found at present. These life forms possessed the basic traits of self-replication and inheritable traits. Once life had appeared, the process of evolution by natural selection resulted in the formation of ever-more diverse life forms.

Species that were unable to adapt to the changing environment and competition from other life forms became extinct. However, the fossil record retains evidence of many of these older species. Current fossil and DNA evidence shows that all existing species can trace a continual ancestry back to the first primitive life forms.

The advent of photosynthesis in very basic forms of plant life worldwide allowed the sun's energy to be harvested to create conditions allowing for more complex life. The resultant oxygen accumulated in the atmosphere and gave rise to the ozone layer. The incorporation of smaller cells within larger ones resulted in the development of yet more complex cells called eukaryotes. Cells within colonies became increasingly specialized, resulting in true multicellular organisms. With the ozone layer absorbing harmful ultraviolet radiation, life colonized the surface of Earth.

Shipping

2007-11-27T06:49:00.001-08:00

Shipping is basic method of transporting goods and cargo. Virtually every product ever made, bought, or sold has been exaggerated by shipping. Despite the lots of variables in shipped products and locations, there are only three basic types of shipments, land, air, and sea.

Land or ground shipping can be either by train or by automobile. Trucking is easily the most accepted form of shipping. Even in Air and Sea shipments, ground transportation is still required to take the product from its origin to the airport or seaport and then to its purpose. Ground transportation is typically more affordable than air shipments, but more costly than shipping by sea. Trucks are also much quicker than ships and rail but slower than planes.

Ground shipping can be cheaper and less limiting to size, quantity, weight, and type of freight than by air transport. Air transport is usually held in reserve for products which must be sent within a shorter time frame. Shipping can more generally refer to the transport of freight, self-determining of the mode of transport.

Women and Education

2007-11-19T06:49:00.000-08:00

Acceding women and men equal access to education in light of the Fourteenth Amendment’s pledge of equal protection. Although taken for granted by many, co-sex educational institutions for higher learning are really just recent occurrences. And For the most part, in the colleges and universities, particularly elite ones, taught either men or women. So the reasons for this separation date back to early American history, when a woman’s place was seen as “in the home.” And In addition, education was seen, though ridiculously, as having detrimental effects on the woman.

And the some of these ludicrous, yet back then “scientific” beliefs, included that women’s brains were smaller than men’s were therefore, making them “less capable of academic learning.” And It was also said that if women utilized their brains at the time of their adolescent years, then their reproductive organs would not develop correctly causing possible sterility.
The motherhood has always been seen as a strong link for women to their personal identities. However, the greatest oppression would be to threaten its existence.

Ghost

2007-10-26T09:29:00.001-07:00

A ghost tour is an motion themed around the telepathic providing an entertaining and often educational way to present history. Tours are repeatedly lead on foot around sites with a reputation for abnormal occurrences. They are typically conducted at night and will unite a mix of factual history, folklore and stories. Tours themes around the paranormal can introduce historic, social and scientific topics to a wider audience than might not otherwise be addressed.

Stories centered on ghosts and mysteries are for more eye-catching to many people to whom leisure time is valuable, than purely academic pursuits. A well obtainable thematic tour should create the interest for further examination into the stories behind the topics. Presentations use drama, humor and analogies to weave stories in an interesting way. Tours may be conducted on foot, vehicle or even a self led tour finding clues along a pre-determined route.

Escalator

2007-10-15T03:43:00.000-07:00

An escalator is a conveyor transport device for transporting people, consisting of a staircase whose steps move up or down on tracks that keep the surfaces of the individual ladder horizontal. As a power-driven, continuous moving stairway planned to transport passengers up and down short vertical distances, escalators are used around the world to move pedestrian traffic in places where elevators would be impractical. Principal areas of usage include shopping centers, airports, transit systems, convention centers, hotels, and public buildings.

They have the capacity to move large numbers of people, and they can be placed in the same physical space as set of steps. They have no waiting interval, except during very heavy traffic, they can be used to guide people towards main exits and they may be weather-proofed for outdoor use.

Kamaraj

2007-10-09T06:26:00.001-07:00

Kumara swami Kamaraj,better known as K. Kamaraj (15 July 1903 – 3 October 1975) was an Indian politician widely measured to be a kingmaker in Indian politics, and known for his truthfulness, integrity and simplicity.He was involved in the Indian independence association and was a close ally of Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India. He was involved in bringing to power two Prime Ministers, Lal Bahadur Shastri in 1964 and Indira Gandhi in 1966. He was affectionately known as the Gandhi of the South, the Black Gandhi, and in Tamil Nadu, his home state he is still hail for facilitating the spread of education to millions of the countryside poor by introducing free education and free mid-day meals sheme in shools for the first time in the whole world during his chiefministership in 1957. He was awarded India's maximum civilian honour, the Bharat Ratna, posthumously in 1976.
Well impressed by the achievements and sharpness of Kamraj, Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru felt that his services were required more at the national level. In a swift move he brought Kamaraj to Delhi as the President of the Indian National Congress.Nehru realised that if he had wide culture and vision, Kamaraj possessed enormous common wisdom and pragmatism.

Earthquake

2007-09-19T08:04:00.001-07:00

An earthquake is the result of a sudden release of stored energy in the Earth's outer layer that creates seismic waves. Earthquakes are accordingly measured with a seismometer, generally known as a seismograph. The magnitude of an earthquake is conventionally reported using the Richter scale or a related instant scale. At the Earth's surface, earthquakes may manifest themselves by a trembling or displacement of the ground. Sometimes, they cause tsunamis, which may lead to loss of life and annihilation of property. An earthquake is caused by tectonic plates getting stuck and putting a damage on the ground. The strain becomes so great that rocks give way by breaking and downhill along fault planes. Earthquakes may occur naturally or as a result of human actions. Slighter earthquakes can also be caused by volcanic activity, landslides, mine blasts, and nuclear tests. In its most generic intelligence, the word earthquake is used to describe any seismic event—whether a natural phenomenon or an event caused by humans—that generates seismic effect.

Papaya

2007-09-04T09:55:00.001-07:00

The papaya is a fruit of the tree. It is a small tree, the single stem growing from 5 to 10 m tall, with spirally set leaves confined to the top of the trunk, the lower trunk is obviously scarred where leaves and fruit were borne. The leaves are large, 50-70 cm width, deeply palmately lobed with 7 lobes. The tree is typically unbranched if unlopped. The flowers are similar in shape to the flowers of the Plumeria but are much slighter and wax like. They appear on the axils of the leaves, maturing into the large 15-45 cm long and 10-30 cm diameter fruit. The fruit is ripe when it feels soft and its skin has attained amber to orange hue. The fruit's taste is vaguely similar to pineapple and peach, although much milder without the tartness, creamier, and more fragrant, with a texture of a little over-ripened cantaloupe.
The primary use of the papaya is as an safe to eat fruit. The ripe fruit is generally eaten raw, without the skin or seeds. The unripe green fruit of papaya can be eaten ripe, usually in curries, salads and stews

Safety

2007-08-23T10:03:00.000-07:00

Safety is the state of being safe, the situation of being protected against physical, social, spiritual, financial, political, emotional, occupational, psychological, educational or additional types or consequences of failure, damage, error, accidents, harm or any other event which could be considered non-desirable. This can take the form of being protected from the event or from exposure to something that causes health or reasonable losses. There also are two slightly different meanings of safety, a safety home may indicate its protection ability against external harm events, and the second that its internal installations are safe for its habitants.
Safety can be limited in relative to some guarantee or a standard of insurance to the quality and unharmful function of an object or organization. It is used in order to ensure that the object or association will do only what it is meant to do. Normative safety is a term used to explain products or designs that meet applicable design standards. Substantive safety stands for that the real-world safety history is favorable, whether or not standards are met. Perceived safety refers to the stage of comfort of users

Security

2007-08-16T05:07:00.001-07:00

Security is the condition of being sheltered against danger or loss. In the general sense, security is a perception similar to safety. The nuance between the two is an added emphasis on being protected from dangers that initiate from outside. Individuals or actions that encroach upon the condition of protection are responsible for the breach of security.
The word security in general procedure is synonymous with safety, but as a technical term security means that something not only is protected but that it has been secured. A condition that results from the establishment and maintenance of protective measures that ensures a state of inviolability from hostile acts or influences. With respect to classified matter, the condition that prevents unauthorized persons from having right to use to official information that is safeguarded in the benefit of national security.

Hockey

2007-08-06T06:33:00.000-07:00

Hockey is any of a family of sports in which two teams struggle by trying to maneuver a ball, or a hard, surrounding disc called a puck, into the opponent's net or goal, using a hockey stick. Field hockey is played on nettle, natural grass, sand-based or water-based artificial turfs, with a small, hard ball. The game is popular among both males and females in many countries of the world, mostly in Europe, India, Pakistan, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and South Asia. In most countries, the game is played between single-sex sides, even though it can be played by mixed-sex sides. In the United States and Canada it is played mostly by women.Ball hockey is played in a gym using sticks and a ball, often a tennis ball with the hair removed.

There are early representations and reports of hockey-type games being played on ice in the Netherlands, and reports from Canada from the beginning of the nineteenth century, but the modern game was initially planned by students at McGill University, Montreal in 1875 who, by two years later, codified the first set of ice hockey rules and organized the first teams.

Tiger

2007-07-26T06:49:00.001-07:00

The tiger is a mammal of the Felidae family, one of four large cats in the Panther a genus. Native to the mainland of southeastern Asia, the tiger is an apex predator and the largest feline species in the world, similar in size to the biggest fossil felids. The Bengal Tiger is the most general subspecies of tiger, constituting approximately 80% of the entire tiger population, and is found in India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Myanmar, and Nepal. An endangered species, the popular of the world's tigers now live in captivity.

The tiger is introverted and territorial, preferring cover in deep forest, but also ranging in open areas. The cat hunts by stalk-and-ambush and may take a variety of mid- and large-sized prey, particularly ungulates. Males are much larger than females and have bigger home ranges. Amongst the nine extant tiger subspecies, there is major size variation.

Inductor

2007-07-20T06:55:00.000-07:00

An inductor is a passive electrical device working in electrical circuits for its property of inductance. Inductance is an consequence which results from the magnetic field that forms around a current carrying conductor. Electrical current through the conductor creates a magnetic flux relative to the current. A change in this current creates a change in magnetic flux that, in turn, generates an electromotive force that acts to oppose this change in current. Inductance is a calculate of the generated emf for a unit modify in current. An inductor with an inductance of 1 henry produces an emf of 1 V when the current through the inductor changes at the rate of 1 ampere per second. The number of turns, the area of each loop/turn, and what it is wrapped around influence the inductance.

An inductor opposes changes in the current. An ideal inductor would offer no resistance to a constant direct current, however, only superconducting inductors have truly zero electrical resistance. Inductors are used expansively in analog circuits and signal processing.

IPL

2007-07-16T02:52:00.001-07:00

IPL is Initial program load, used in operating system. In computing, booting is a bootstrapping method that starts operating systems when the user turns on a computer system. A boot series is the set of operations the computer performs when it is switched on that loads an operating system.

Most computer systems can only complete code found in the memory (ROM or RAM). Modern operating systems are stored on hard disks, or occasionally on Live CDs, USB flash drives, or other non-volatile storage devices. When a computer is first power-driven on, it doesn't have an operating system in memory. The computer's hardware alone cannot perform complex measures such as loading a program from disk, so an apparent paradox exists, to load the operating system into memory, one appears to need to have an operating system already loaded. The System/360 IPL function reads 24 bytes from an operator-specified or pre-configured machine into memory starting at location zero. The second and third groups of eight bytes are treated as Channel Command Words (CCWs) to maintain loading the startup program. When the I/O channel instructions are complete, the first group of eight bytes is then loaded into the Program Status Word (PSW) register and the startup program begins completing at the designated location.

Electronics

2007-07-10T04:31:00.001-07:00

Electronics is the learn of the flow of charge through different materials and devices such as, semiconductors, resistors, inductors, capacitors, nano-structures, and vacuum tubes. All applications of electronics involve the transmission of either information or power. Although measured to be a theoretical branch of physics, the design and structure of electronic circuits to solve practical problems is an e Most analog electronic appliances, such as radio receivers, are constructed from combinations of a few types of basic circuits. Analog circuits use a continuous range of voltage as contrasting to discrete level as in digital circuits. The number of different analog circuits so far devised is huge, especially because a circuit can be defined as anything from a single component, to systems containing thousands of mechanism.

Locks

2007-06-29T03:14:00.001-07:00

Locks are advisory locks, where each thread cooperates by acquiring the lock before accessing the equivalent data. Some systems also implement mandatory locks, where attempting unauthorized access to a locked resource will force exclusion in the entity attempting to make the access.

In terms of access to the data, no difference is made between shared or exclusive modes. Other schemes provide for a shared mode, where several threads can obtain a shared lock for read-only access to the data. Other modes such as exclusive, intend-to-exclude and intend-to-upgrade are also widely implemented.

Independent of the type of lock chosen above, locks can be confidential by what happens when the lock strategy prevents progress of a thread. Most locking designs block the finishing of the process requesting the lock until it is allowed to access the locked resource. A spin lock is a lock where the thread simply waits until the lock becomes accessible. It is very efficient if threads are only likely to be uncreative for a short period of time, as it avoids the overhead of operating system process re-scheduling. It is wasteful if the padlock is held for a long period of time.

Color

2007-06-25T02:54:00.000-07:00

Color is the visual perceptual possessions corresponding in humans to the categories called red, yellow, white, etc. Color derives from spectrum of light distribution of light energy versus wavelength interacting in the eye with the spectral sensitivities of the light receptors. Color categories and physical condition of color are also associated with objects, materials, light sources, etc., based on their physical properties such as light absorption, reflection, or emission spectra.

Typically, only features of the composition of light that are visible by humans wavelength spectrum from 400 nm to 700 nm, roughly are included, thereby objectively relating the psychological phenomenon of color to its physical specification. Because perception of color stems from the varying sensitivity of different types of cone cells in the retina to different parts of the spectrum, colors may be defined and quantify by the degree to which they stimulate these cells. These physical or physiological quantifications of color, however, do not fully clarify the psychophysical perception of color appearance.

The science of color is sometimes called chromatics. It includes the perception of color by the human eye and brain, the origin of color in materials, color theory in art, and the physics of electromagnetic emission in the visible range that is, what we commonly refer to simply as light.

Populations

2007-06-15T03:26:00.001-07:00

Populations are studied, in particular, in a branch of ecology known as population biology, and in population inheritance. In population dynamics, size, age and sex structure, mortality, reproductive behaviour, and growth of a population are studied. In biology, an isolated population denotes a breeding group whose members breed mostly or solely among themselves, usually as a result of physical isolation, although biologically they could breed with any member of the species. If there are several completely or nearly completely secluded populations in the global population of a taxon, these are called subpopulations. The metapopulation is a network of subpopulations in a given area ,where the individuals of the various subpopulations are able to cross ramshackle areas of the region. Biological dispersal is one of the key elements disturbing such populations; if dispersal is sufficiently low for a prolonged period of time, speciation is likely to be a significance.

Demography is the learning of human populations. Its three central foci are the processes of fertility, mortality, and migration, though the field encompasses many extent of population change including the family , public health, work and the labor force, and family planning. Various aspects of human activities in populations are also studied in sociology, economics, and geography. Study of populations is almost always governed by the laws of probability, and the conclusions of the studies may thus not always be relevant to some individuals. This odd factor may be reduced by statistical means, but such a generalization may be too vague to imply anything. Demography is used extensively in marketing, which relates to economic units, such as retailers, to potential customers.

Instrument Amplifiers

2007-05-27T22:27:00.000-07:00

Instrument amplifiers differ from Hi-Fi ie. high fidelity stereo amplifiers in design and intent. Hi-Fi amplifiers are designed to accurately reproduce the source sound signals at very high fidelity.In contrast, instrument amplifiers are often designed to add additional tonal coloration to the original signal or emphasize certain frequencies. For electric instruments such as electric guitar, the amplifier has a major role in the creation of the instrument's tone which is used by all instruments.

Instrument amplifiers that provide distortion or dissimilarities between the input and output signals are sought out by musicians in many genres. Many instrument amplifiers for electric guitar and bass allow performers to add distortion by boosting the input signal gain.The two exceptions are keyboard amplifiers and acoustic amplifiers which are used for amplifying acoustic instruments such as acoustic guitar, violin, mandolin, etc.Acoustic amplifiers typically aim for a relatively flat response which is needed by all instruments.

Collateral damage

2007-05-16T22:22:00.000-07:00

Collateral damage is a military euphemism that was made popular at the time of Vietnam War (Army Technology). The euphemism has now been in use so long that it is an accepted term within military forces, meaning "unintentional damage or incidental damage affecting facilities, equipment or personnel, happening as a result of military actions directed against targeted enemy forces or facilities. Such damage can occur to friendly, neutral, and even enemy forces."

Etymologically, the expression "collateral damage" probably was originally used as military doublespeak rather than a euphemism, as the adjective "collateral" doesn't seem to have been used as a synonym for "unintentional" or "accidental" earlier. However, "collateral" may also sometimes mean "additional but subordinate," i.e. "secondary", and that specific meaning of a rather obscure word in the English language seems to have been picked up and broadened by the military in the expression "collateral damage."